Johann Friedrich Struensee Biography

Though he was an important figure in Danish history, German physician Johann Friedrich Struensee is not particularly well known in Germany. The period he lived in, the late 18th century, is known as the Age of Enlightenment. New schools of thought were introduced and revolutionary ideas made their way to courts, Kings,  and Queens. Some of the policies of European rulers were heavily coined by the likes of Voltaire, Hume, Rousseau or Kant. Born and schooled in Halle, Struensee soon moved close to Hamburg. He studied medicine and, just like his grandfather, he was to become personal physician to the Danish King, Christian VII. His father Adam was a high-ranking cleric, thus Struensee came from a very religious home. After he had already finished his university career at the age of twenty, he chose to become a doctor for the poor in Altona (today a quarter of Hamburg, Altona used to be a Danish city from 1664-1863). Some of his contemporaries criticized him for using new methods in medicine and his rather modern worldviews, as Struensee was a strong supporter of many enlightened philosophers and thinkers. As Struensee had already been in contact with the royal Danish court, he was picked as the personal physician for King Christian VII while the latter traveled through Europe. Throughout their journey, the two men became close friends. The King, in a long line of Danish Kings with severe mental issues, known for his wild antics without regard to his young wife, Queen Caroline Mathilde, sister of the English King George III. The country was more or less ruled by a council of aristocrats, which made the King sign every new law or regulation. When the travel party returned to Copenhagen in 1769, Johann Friedrich Struensee joined them and was appointed the permanent personal physician to the King, who’s escapades got the best of him once more.  Ã‚   Just as in any good movie, Struensee got to know the Queen Caroline Mathilde and they fell in love. As he saved the crown prince’s life, the German doctor and the royal family became very close. Struensee managed to rekindle the King’s interest in politics and started influencing him with his enlightened views. Right from the start of his involvement with the King’s affairs, many members of the royal council looked upon Johann Friedrich with suspicion. Nonetheless, he became more and more influential and quite soon the Christian appointed him to the royal council. As the King’s mind drifted away more and more, Struensee’s power increased. Soon he presented Christian with numerous laws and legislation that changed the face of Denmark. The King willingly signed them. While issuing many reforms that were supposed to better the situation of the peasants, amongst other things making Denmark the first country to abolish serfdom, Struensee managed to weaken the royal council’s power. In June 1771, Christian named Johann Friedrich Struensee Secret Cabinet Minister and gave him the general power of attorney, de facto making him the absolute ruler of the Danish Kingdom. But whereas he developed an incredible efficiency in issuing new legislation and enjoyed a harmonious love life with the Queen, dark clouds started to tower on the horizon. His conservative opposition to the basically powerless royal council turned to intrigue. They used the rather new technology of printing to discredit Struensee and Caroline Mathilde. They spread flyers all over Copenhagen, stirring up the people against the opaque German physician and the English Queen. Struensee didn’t really pay attention to these tactics, he was far too busy, radically changing the cou ntry. In fact, the rate at which he issued new laws was so high he even opposed those powers at the court that weren’t actually opposed to many of the changes he made. Though, to them, the changes came too fast and went too far. In the end, Struensee became so involved with his work, that he didn’t see his downfall coming. In a cloak-and-dagger operation, the opposition made the now almost moronic King sign an arrest warrant for Struensee, marking him a traitor for consorting with the Queen – a crime punishable by death – and further charges. In April 1772, Johann Friedrich Struensee was executed, while Caroline Mathilde was divorced from Christian and eventually banned from Denmark. After his death, most of the changes Struensee had made to Danish legislation were undone.​ The dramatic story of the German doctor who ruled Denmark and – for a short while – made it one of the most advanced countries at the time, who fell in love with the Queen and ended up being executed, has been the topic of many books and movies, even though not as many as you might think.

The Characteristics Of Humans Are Not Solely Based On...

Who We Are The characteristics of humans are not solely based on their genetic makeup. Environmental factors of people’s lives play a large factor on their persona; in fact, environmental factors, such as communities and living conditions, could have more of an impact on humans’ personality rather than their genes. In Berreby’s â€Å"It Takes a Tribe†, he claims that humans subconsciously join groups to fulfill their sense of belonging (9). On the contrary, in Greenbie’s â€Å"Home Space: Fences and Neighbors†, he notes how humans need their own individual space to regulate social interactions with others and their own privacy (248). Although both Berreby and Greenbie advance on different paths when exploring the psychological aspects of relationships among humans, both writers indicate that human nature serves as a drive for people to fulfill their social desires during the journey of finding one’s individuality. The most important factors that contribute to one’s character are the choices he or she makes and the environment that the person lives in. Even though humans do not have the ability to fully choose their environmental surroundings, they are greatly influenced by them. Berreby claims that college students are aware that they could have ended up at other universities; however, students still culturally assimilate to their college’s traditions and maintain their loyalty throughout their lifetime, allowing their college to become a part of their identity (8-10). Being loyal toShow MoreRelatedTheories Of Criminology And Criminal Behavior952 Words   |  4 Pagesand skulls belonged to which racial groups before the measurements were taken. During the mid to late 1800’s Cesare Lombroso based his scientific theories of criminology on Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection. 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Baz Luhrmanns Act 1 Scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

Baz Luhrmanns Act 1 Scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet Essay Baz Luhrmanns version of Act 1 Scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet explores various themes of love, conflict and feuds. Luhrmann uses many techniques in his own style of directing, such as different types of camera work, editing and the soundtrack, similarly to Moulin Rouge which is also directed by Luhrmann, to convey the characters and atmosphere in this timeless classic. My essay will analyse these directing techniques by looking at the pros and cons in that scene, making is easier to determine which techniques express the different characters and moods in a particular way. The various techniques Luhrmann uses in his version, like lighting and ambient colours, give the viewer a frenzied atmosphere. Throughout the scene we see tense and tranquil moments which Luhrmann uses to relate to the situations in which Romeo and Juliet are in. Right at the beginning, when Romeo enters the party, the camera movement is very slow and unsteady. We see close shots of Romeos face when he shows his invitation card to the man at the entrance. Here we get a clear picture of his expressions which helps the viewer keep up with his emotions or moods as they change. Baz Luhrmann uses eye-line matching, still while the camera is tilting from one event to another, to indicate that Romeo is not in his normal state of mind because he is blinking his eyes in a disorientated manner. Later on when he mentions in a quiet tone The drugs are quick, reaffirms this and suggests hes in his own world. Luhrmann is using the costumes the characters are wearing to reflect on their character and roles that they are shown to take up. At the opening of the party we see Romeo dressed up as a knight. Romeo is symbolising the knight in shining armour at the party to rescue Juliet, the damsel in distress, from her controlled and constrained lifestyle at the Capulet household. The audience soon begin to realise that if they were to meet, this could spark of arguments between the two houses which underlines the theme of conflict and family feuds. Also still while Romeo is entering the party, the camera slow cuts on spinning fireworks high up on the mansion wall. Luhrmann is using the swirling fireworks on the wall to symbolise Romeos mind-state or emotions. The audience could get the impression here that Romeo is emotionally spinning out of control from his current love relationship. In reality most of the audience know Romeo will eventually meet Juliet and fall in love with her at first site. The fact that they cannot be together allows the audience to sympathise with Romeo because this helps them relate to themselves and are expecting to see a weaker side of him. Luhrmann shows Mercutio coming to the party hyper and uses slow motion to help the audience focus on him and things around him even more. The guns surrounding him dont necessarily portray him as having a violent nature but suggest that violence and danger revolves around him no matter if he likes it or not because hes in a position and status of power. Again in here the theme of conflict is brought up. As Romeo is looking around in a dazed behaviour, he sees Tybalt but Tybalt doesnt notice him. The medium high angle shot on Tybalt can symbolise him lowering himself and his dignity by his actions and his evil personality depicted throughout the film. Tybalts devil costume highlights this aspect about him even further and already puts across a bad impression of him to the audience watching. In the first quarter of scene 5, while Mercutio is singing Kim Mazzelles Young Hearts Run Free, we see Luhrmann frequently using slow cuts to focus the audiences attention and concentration on words spoken or visual props which could reflect on characters in the scene or the mood/s. This brings the audiences awareness of what Mercutio is singing young hearts run free. To yourself be true, dont be no fool. Luhrmann has cleverly used these lyrics to reflect of the love of Romeo and Juliet and their relationship to come which acts as a hint to Romeo try get passed any obstacles for love, even if it involves death. The first time Romeo and Juliet meet. Their costumes echo their positions in life and their relationship because despite being dressed as a knight he is still human and Juliet is dressed as an angel who is out of his reach. Beowulf and Grendel - Book and Film EssayThe camera watching from far could imply its something dangerous and wants to keep its distance from whatever Tybalt will or is thinking of doing. A good way Baz Luhrmann conveys Capulets power is when Capulet is holding Tybalt as if hes in control of him and would not tolerate rebellion against him. Baz Luhrmann uses a low angle shot when showing Capulet scolding Tybalt and having Capulet above the camera signifies he is an important and powerful person because it is as if the audience is looking up at someone superior. Capulet being upstairs where there is no one could symbolise a higher place like heaven where powerful people watch you from there. Tybalt getting enraged over Romeo suggests that he is disrupting that solemnity and peace that you are meant to have in heaven. This shows Capulets position and status as someone with authority and has power over everything, which could be why is dressed as Caesar. Capulet affirms his authority over Tybalt by looking him straight in the eyes to make sure he realises that he is serious and doesnt to be double crossed by someone he sees inferior. This conveys Capulets character as someone who has good control over a situation because he can be serious when he finds appropriate and knows he needs to be welcoming throughout the party to keep his guests pleased. In this particular moment Luhrmann uses both high and low angles to convey the different positions or statuses that Romeo and Juliet are in. Romeo is down looking up at the princess or gazing at the stars which he cannot get, this is already a tragedy because he was meant to be the knight in shining armour there to get the princess. Juliet is like the cursed beauty that has to marry someone who her parents want. Lady Capulet who leads Paris, Juliets intended marriage and Juliet upstairs. The costume Paris is wearing, an astronauts suit, symbolises him as also out of this world and someone who is meant to be up there with Juliet. This introduces a new theme of Fate which goes against Romeo and Juliets love all throughout the film. Luhrmann uses medium shot eye-line matching while Romeo and Juliet have eventually found out who their real identities are and realise the reality dawning on them. This is seen as the beginning and the end of the whole relationship. This event helps the viewers feel more sympathetic towards Romeo and Juliet because so far both Romeo and Juliets characters are seen as pure and loving. While Juliet is dancing with Paris after being taken away from Romeo by the nurse, she is constantly looking at Romeo and he is also admiring her. This is shown by the eye-line matching. The eye-line matching is done in fast cuts which continually indicate their desire for each other because they dont want to lose sight of each other. This shows their love-stricken feelings and emphasises their love to the viewer. The soundtrack in the background is Desree singing Im kissing you while Romeo and Juliet are repeatedly looking at each other, the mood in here is romantic and every time the viewer hears those lyrics, the audience notices that RJ are looking at each implying that is what theyre thinking of. Throughout this incident of RJ finding out each others identities. Luhrmann uses slow cuts and the camera movement is also slow. This technique intensifies the moment and gives impact to the audiences reactions because by now weve established that the audience have sympathy for RJ. Overall, this film has successfully used various types of method to convey different character, themes and moods by using a great number of directing techniques with Baz Luhrmanns own style. Luhrmann has used all of the Act 1 Scene 5s aspects to create tension and suspense for the audience in different ways. On the whole, Baz Luhrmanns version of Act 1 Scene 5 has shown and proven that the film has more to it than it seems and viewers need to read between the lines to understand the full meaning and message of the film.